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Optimistic investors have started to bid up share prices of PepsiCo (PEP) ahead of its quarterly earnings announcement. There’s no way to accurately predict the direction a stock will move after an earnings announcement. However, a comparison of the price action between stock prices and option prices shows that if PEP shares fall, creating a reversion back to its 20-day moving average in the first few days after the announcement, downside-focused traders are in a position to capture the best profits.
Key Takeaways
- Traders and investors have begun to drive the price of PepsiCo’s shares higher heading into the announcement.
- PepsiCo’s share price recently broke upward from its 20-day moving average.
- Put options are priced for a smaller drop and call options for a larger gain.
- The volatility-based resistance and support levels are positioned for a move lower.
- This setup creates a greater opportunity for traders to profit if the price falls.
Option trading represents the activities of investors who want to protect their positions or speculators who want to profit from correctly forecasting unexpected moves in an underlying stock or index. That means option trading is literally a bet on market probabilities. By comparing the details of both stock and option price behavior, chart watchers can gain valuable insight, although it helps to understand the context in which this price behavior took place. The chart below depicts the price action for PepsiCo’s shares and the setup leading into the earnings report.
Current Trends
The one-month trend of the stock has the shares bouncing off a bottom support level and moving higher, as PepsiCo climbed from $144 per share to almost $150 in the past few days as the announcement draws near. The price climbed from the middle region of trading prices to above the 20-day exponential moving average (EMA) as depicted on this chart. The studies are formed with 20-day Keltner Channel indicators. These depict price levels that represent a multiple of the Average True Range (ATR) for the stock. This array helps to highlight the way the price has moved from near the bottom of the middle range to the upper bounds. This is an optimistic price move for PepsiCo shares.
Tip
The Average True Range (ATR) has become a standard tool for depicting historical volatility over time. The typical average length of time used in its calculation is 10 to 20 time periods, which includes one to two weeks of trading on a daily chart.
In this context where the price trend for PepsiCo made a move higher during the previous month, chart watchers can recognize that traders and investors are expressing optimism going into earnings. That makes it important for chart watchers to determine whether the move is presaging investors’ expectations for a favorable earnings report. One point of evidence to support the idea that investors are expecting good news from the company report can be found in the comparison of the volatility range depicted on the chart by the purple lines and the purple box in the background. Prices have moved optimistically, but are not yet near the high of this range.
Tip
The Keltner Channel indicator displays a set of semi-parallel lines based on a 20-day simple moving average and an upper and lower line. Because the upper lines are drawn by adding a multiple of ATR to the average and the lower lines are drawn by subtracting a multiple of ATR from the average price, then this channel indicator makes for an excellent visualization tool when charting historical volatility.
Trading Activity
Option traders recognize that PepsiCo shares are pushing higher and have priced their options as a bet that the stock will close within one of the two boxes depicted in the chart between today and July 16, the Friday after the earnings report is released. The green-framed box represents the pricing that the call option sellers are offering. It implies a 74% chance that PEP shares will close inside this range by the end of the week, if prices go higher. The red box represents the pricing for put options with a 35% probability if prices go lower on the announcement.
It is important to note that trading on Friday featured 10,859 call options traded compared to 7,112 put options traded. This demonstrates the bias that option buyers have. The 1.5:1 call-to-put ratio implies that option traders are expecting mostly positive news and giving a bias toward a move higher, as shown in the chart below.
The purple lines on the chart are generated by a 10-day Keltner Channel study set at four times the ATR. This measure tends to create highly correlated regions of strong support and resistance in the price action. These regions show up when the channel lines make a noticeable turn within the previous three months. The levels that the turns mark are annotated in the chart below. It is notable in this chart that the call option and put option pricing are in such a close range with plenty of space on either side to run. This suggests options buyers don’t have a strong conviction about how the company will report. Although investors and option traders do not expect it, a surprising report would push prices dramatically higher or lower.
These support and resistance levels show less support for prices if they should begin to fall and more resistance for prices if they begin to rise. As a result, and because of the obvious bias that option buyers have toward good news, it is possible that bad news will catch investors by surprise and could generate an unexpectedly strong move. The rapid move higher in prices may be driven by analysts who have discovered good reasons to expect a favorable report. After the previous earnings announcement, PepsiCo shares rose roughly 4.6% in the days following. A much bigger downside move could be the result if investors’ expectations are disappointed.
Market Impact
While PepsiCo is not typically thought of as a bellwether stock, its high profile makes it influential in the markets. Therefore, it may be that any negative news from the company could worry investors and create a ripple effect through the markets. This could, in turn, have a recognizable impact on broad market exchange traded funds (ETFs) such as Invesco’s Nasdaq 100 Index ETF (QQQ).
Bottom Line
PepsiCo option traders heavily bought call options before the earnings announcement, expecting very good news from the company. If that news does not materialize, PepsiCo shares could drop substantially. Right now, the put options for PepsiCo are not pricing in a wide range, so traders are dismissing the possibility of a large price drop to some degree. The volatility price range shows less upside for calls than for puts, making the trade more difficult for call buyers to be profitable than put buyers in the event of a comparably large move either way.