If I Reinvest My Dividends, Are They Still Taxable?

What Is Selling Shares Before the Ex-Dividend Date?

For owners of a stock, if you sell before the ex-dividend date, also known as the ex-date, you will not receive a dividend from the company. The ex-dividend date is the day at which the stock begins trading without the subsequent dividend’s value priced in since shareholders will no longer be entitled to the upcoming dividend payment.

Thus, the ex-dividend date is the date that the company has designated as the first day of trading in which the shares trade without the right to the dividend. If you sell your shares on or after this date, you will, however, still receive the dividend. If you sell your shares before the ex-date, however, you would not be entitled to receive those dividends.

Understanding Selling Shares Before the Ex-Dividend Date

If a shareholder is to receive a dividend, they need to be listed on the company’s records on the date of record. This date is used to determine the company’s holders of record and to authorize those to whom proxy statements, financial reports, and other pertinent information are sent.

When you purchase shares, your name does not automatically get added to the record book—this takes about two or three days from the transaction date. Therefore, if the date of the record is Aug. 10, you must have purchased the shares on Aug. 7 to receive a dividend. This would make Aug. 8 the ex-dividend date, as it is the date directly following the last date on which you could get a dividend.

The ex-dividend date is set by either the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) or the stock exchange, once the date of record has been set. It is typically 2 days prior since stock trades settle T+2.

How Stock Prices Change on the Ex-Date

Remember that a company’s shares will trade for less than the dividend amount on the ex-dividend date than they did the day before.

Generally, when a dividend-paying company distributes a large dividend, the market may account for that dividend in the days preceding the ex-date due to buyers stepping in and purchasing the stock. These buyers are willing to pay a premium to receive the dividend.

Example

For example, imagine shares in Apple, Inc. (AAPL) are trading at $157.50 and the company announces a quarterly dividend of $0.22. Investors who hold the shares past the ex-dividend date will receive the $0.22; investors who sell before the ex-date will not. But all is not lost: shares in the company will typically fall by roughly the amount of the dividend, to $157.28, all else equal, or there will be an arbitrage opportunity in the market.

If shares didn’t fall as a result of dividend payments, everyone would simply buy the shares for $157.50, get the dividend, and then sell their shares after the ex-dividend date, essentially getting 22 cents per share free from the company.